Ireland, also known as the Emerald Isle, is a small island country in Western Europe known for its green landscape. Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom, but the rest of the island is part of the Republic of Ireland.
Map of Ireland
Key geography facts
1. The central plains, which cover much of Ireland’s interior, are known for their low hills composed of limestone rock, lakes, and peat bog. Ireland has over 12,000 lakes, and peat bogs comprise around 20% of the country’s landmass.
2. Ireland’s western coast is rugged, featuring steep cliffs such as the Cliffs of Moher, rocky outcrops, and isolated peninsulas extending into the Atlantic Ocean.
3. The highest point in Ireland is Carrauntoohil, located in the MacGillycuddy Reeks mountains, which stands at 1,041 meters (3,414 feet) in the southwestern region.
4. The River Shannon is the longest river in Ireland, stretching from the Northern Uplands down through the Central Lowlands before flowing into the Atlantic Ocean.
5. Peatlands are an important feature of Ireland’s landscape, historically used for peat extraction, but environmental concerns are leading to a reevaluation of their conservation.
Recommended reading: Fun Facts About Ireland
Ireland regions
Ireland has four main regions known as provinces, which are divided into 32 counties.
Connacht
- Sligo
- Mayo
- Galway
- Leitrim
- Roscommon
Leinster
- Carlow
- Dublin
- Kildare
- Kilkenny
- Laois
- Longford
- Louth
- Meath
- Offaly
- Westmeath
- Wexford
- Wicklow
Munster
- Cork
- Kerry
- Clare
- Limerick
- Tipperary
- Waterford
Ulster
- Antrim
- Armagh
- Cavan
- Derry
- Donegal
- Down
- Fermanagh
- Monaghan
- Tyrone
While geographically located on the island of Ireland, six countries in Northern Ireland belong to the United Kingdom: Antrim, Armagh, Derry (Londonderry), Down, Fermanagh and Tyrone.
Map of Ireland in Europe
Ireland shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. It’s bounded by the Irish Sea to the east and the Atlantic Ocean on the western and southern coasts.
Ireland major cities
Dublin – The capital and largest city, known for its rich history, vibrant culture, and iconic landmarks like Trinity College and the Guinness Storehouse.
Cork – A lively city in the south, often referred to as the “real capital” by locals, with a strong maritime history and a thriving arts scene.
Limerick – A city on the River Shannon, known for its medieval heritage, including King John’s Castle, and its vibrant sports culture.
Galway – A cultural hub on the west coast, famous for its lively arts scene, traditional Irish music, and annual festivals.
Waterford – Ireland’s oldest city, known for its Viking history and the world-renowned Waterford Crystal.
Caitriona Maria is an education writer and owner of The Facts Institute. A teacher for seven years, she has been committed to providing students with the best learning opportunities possible, both domestically and abroad. Dedicated to unlocking students' potential, Caitriona has taught English in several countries and continues to explore new cultures through her travels.