The most interesting facts about Taiwan, from a toilet-themed restaurant to garbage trucks that play classical music.
Fast facts
Official name: Republic of China
Population: 23.5 million
Area: 35,980 sq km
Capital city: Taipei
Major languages: Mandarin, Taiwanese (Min Nan)
Major religions: Buddhism, Taoism
Time zone: UTC+8 (National Standard Time)
Interesting facts about Taiwan
1. Taiwan is an island nation located in Eastern Asia off the southeastern coast of China in the Pacific Ocean.
2. Taiwan used to be joined to the Asian mainland until sea levels rose around 10,000 years ago. Today, it is separated by the Taiwan Strait.
3. In 1683, Taiwan formally became part of China’s Qing Dynasty. Beforehand, it had been divided between aboriginal kingdoms and Chinese and European (mostly Dutch) settlers.
4. China has claimed sovereignty over Taiwan since 1949 when the defeated Kuomintang (Nationalist) government fled to the island after the Communists – under Mao Zedong – took control of China following the Chinese Civil War.
5. The Nationalist leaders moved China’s capital to Taiwan marking the start of the “two Chinas” scenario where two states claimed to be the rightful China. In 1971, the UN recognised the People’s Republic of China (mainland China) as the exclusive government of China after the Republic of China (Taiwan) refused a dual-representation deal. As such, the People’s Republic of China took over China’s UN Security Council seat and the Republic of China (Taiwan) was expelled from the UN.
6. Taiwan’s flag has a red background with a blue rectangle featuring a white sun in the top left corner. The red represents the traditional symbol of the Han (Chinese) people while the white sun on a blue field is the party flag of the Kuomintang government.
See how Taiwan’s flag compares to other Asian flags.
7. In Chinese, the word Taiwan is made up of two characters. The first means “stage” or “terrace,” and the second means “bay” or “gulf”.
8. In 1542, when Portuguese sailors spotted Taiwan, they called it Ilha Formosa which means “beautiful island”.
9. Taiwan sits on the Pacific Ring of Fire, an arc of active volcanoes and earthquake epicentres bordering the Pacific Ocean. As such, it is regularly hit by earthquakes. In 2022, around 400 tourists were stranded on a mountainside in Taiwan when a strong earthquake hit the island.
10. In Taiwan, yellow garbage trucks play music – either Beethoven’s Für Elise or A Maiden’s Prayer by Tekla Bądarzewska-Baranowska to announce their arrival. Residents have to throw their garbage into the compactors and put their recycling and food scraps into smaller trucks.
11. The National Palace Museum in Taipei has the world’s largest collection of Chinese art. The museum houses over 650,000 art objects and documents that were formerly held in Beijing including paintings, calligraphy, statues, bronzes, lacquerware, ceramics, jade and religious objects.
12. Taiwan is roughly the same size as Guinea-Bissau or slightly larger than Belgium. but with a population of 23.5 million, it has almost 12 times as many people as Guinea-Bissau’s 2 million and over twice Belgium’s 11.5 million.
13. This gives Taiwan a population density of around 660 people per square kilometer of land area, making it one of the world’s most densely populated sovereign states.
14. Yet despite this, Taiwan has the world’s lowest birth rate in 2024, averaging only 1.1 births per woman.
15. At 508m (1,667ft), Taipei 101 was the world’s tallest building from 2004 to 2010. Today, it is the world’s 10th, Asia’s 7th and Taiwan’s tallest.
16. In Chinese, Taipei means “Northern Taiwan,” reflecting the city’s location in the north of the island.
17. Taipei is considered one of the most influential global cities. It ranked 24th in the 2025 Global Power City Index (GPCI), climbing six places from the previous year.
18. A taxi driver in Taiwan offers free rides to passengers in return for them singing karaoke – a popular pastime in Taiwan. Tu Ching Liang then uploads the videos to his YouTube channel which has received over 12 million views.
19. Often referred to as Taiwan’s national snack food, stinky tofu is a popular Taiwanese dish that is full of live bacteria making it putrid smelling. It has been likened to sour milk and rotting garbage.
20. Only 2.3% of Taiwan’s population is classed as indigenous, i.e. Malayo-Polynesian. Over 95% are of Han Chinese descent.
21. From 1895 to 1945, Taiwan was under Japanese control after China lost the First Sino-Japanese War.
22. In Taipei, there is a restaurant called the Modern Toilet Restaurant where customers are greeted with the sound of a toilet flushing and a sign claiming ‘crappy food’ and diners sit on toilets while eating.
23. Taiwan’s largest mammal is the Formosan black bear which is endemic to Taiwan. The species is endangered due to years of illegal hunting and land clearing, with only around 200 to 600 bears thought to remain in the wild.
24. As Taiwan is not a member of the UN it does not have any UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Even though several potential sites in Taiwan have been identified, interference from China has thwarted any Taiwanese site from being listed.
25. Taiwan is known as the “kingdom of butterflies” as there are an estimated 430 species of butterflies in Taiwan, including 50 endemic to the country.
26. Taiwan is considered to be one of the best countries for expats. It consistently performs well in the Expat Insider survey – the largest of its kind. In 2021, it was named the number one country for expats.
27. Taiwan is also considered to have some of the world’s best healthcare. In the 2021 Legatum Prosperity Index, it was rated as having the world’s fifth-best healthcare.
28. Taiwan has produced one Noble Prize Winner, Yuan T. Lee who won the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Explore more from Asia
We strive to verify all facts using authoritative and primary sources where possible. However, if you find an error or have any questions, please contact us.
Caitriona Maria is an education writer and owner of The Facts Institute. With seven years of teaching experience and a background in educational content, she specialises in creating clear reference resources about countries, geography and global topics.